Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

What Causes MDS?

MDS can develop for different reasons, including:

• Age: It is more common in older adults, usually over the age of 60.
• Previous cancer treatments: People who have undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer may be at higher risk for developing MDS.
• Genetic factors: Some inherited genetic mutations can increase the risk of MDS.
• Exposure to toxins: Long-term exposure to certain chemicals like benzene or tobacco smoke can also increase the risk of MDS.

Symptoms of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Symptoms of MDS vary depending on the severity of the condition, but they often develop slowly. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue and weakness due to anemia (low red blood cells)
• Frequent infections as a result of low white blood cell counts
• Easy bruising or bleeding due to a shortage of platelets
• Shortness of breath
• Pale skin

Some patients may not experience any symptoms early on, and MDS is often discovered through routine blood tests. Over time, the condition can worsen, and the symptoms may become more pronounced.

Diagnosis of MDS

Diagnosing MDS involves several steps, including:

• Blood tests: These show abnormal levels or shapes of blood cells.
• Bone marrow biopsy: A sample of bone marrow is taken to examine the structure and type of cells, helping to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity.
• Cytogenetic analysis: This test checks for specific genetic mutations that may help guide treatment.